Audit and evidence
Summary. WKL TrustBridge separates three kinds of records by their evidential value: an operations log for troubleshooting, a security audit log of what people, services, and connections did, and a tamper-evident ledger of issuance, revocation, approvals, and relationships. A hash chain proves only as much as its head lies outside the reach of whoever it is meant to prove against; that is why chain heads are anchored externally. The second half of the page maps the requirements of the regulatory frameworks to the measures and separates the evidence TrustBridge supplies from the evidence the operating organization provides itself.
Terms
- Hash chain – a sequence of entries in which each one contains the hash of its predecessor; changing an entry breaks the chain from that point on.
- Chain head – the hash of the most recent entry.
- External anchor – a copy of the chain head in append-only storage outside the reach of the database and worker-host administrators.
- Truncation – deleting the most recent entries; invisible without an external anchor, because the remaining chain is intact.
Three levels
| Level | Content | Location | Evidential value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Operations log | Requests, errors, run times, state of the libraries | Service logs, short retention | None; used for troubleshooting; contains no secrets |
| Security audit log | Sign-in and failed sign-in, permission change, order created, approval passed on, cancellation, revocation order, template changed; connection setup, rejections with reason, and key exchanges of the TLS adapters and key agents | Database, chained per tenant, continuously copied to external storage; connection log chained per host and transferred to the organization | Verifiable up to the last anchor; recoverable from the external copy |
| Tamper-evident ledger | Issued, rejected, revoked; rule set version; approvals and attestations; relationships, their changes and revocations; trust bundles; key states; ceremonies | Ledgers of the worker and the root | Verifiable by third parties |
An event belongs in the highest level it concerns; a copy in a lower level is allowed but does not replace it.
graph TD
subgraph PL [TrustBridge installation]
DB[(Security audit log<br/>chained per tenant)]
REG[(Worker ledger)]
RR[(Root ledger)]
end
subgraph EX [Outside the administrators' reach]
ANK[(Append-only storage)]
end
DB -->|continuous copy<br/>and chain head| ANK
REG -->|chain head, periodically| ANK
REG -->|chain head into every ceremony| RR
classDef ex fill:#dff6dd,stroke:#107c10,color:#201f1e
classDef pl fill:#f3f2f1,stroke:#605e5c,color:#201f1e
class ANK ex
class DB,REG,RR pl
style PL fill:#ffffff,stroke:#8a8886,color:#201f1e
style EX fill:#ffffff,stroke:#8a8886,color:#201f1eWhat the ledger proves
For each issuance, the ledger holds the order hash, the approval or attestation signatures with the identifier of the key, the rule set version the order was checked against, and the tenant. With that, a third party can establish without the database: person X approved bytes Y, verifiable with the public key from the rule set; certificate Z matches those bytes and carries the CA's signature.
Requirements for the chaining
| Requirement | Reason |
|---|---|
| Every field in the hash, including tenant, actor address, sequence number, and a chain version identifier | Otherwise an event could be moved to another tenant unnoticed |
| Unambiguous encoding: every field length-prefixed, a missing value distinguishable from an empty one | Otherwise two different contents produce the same hash |
| One chain per tenant and one system chain | A partner can verify its extract completely without seeing anyone else's data |
| External anchor | Makes truncation and recomputation detectable |
| Restore as an event of its own, referencing the last anchor | A fallback is explained, not hidden |
Sign-in events
TrustBridge's sign-in components (personal key, second factor, session) deliberately emit no events of their own; they return results. Management turns those results into security events and writes them in one transaction together with the state change. Passwords, codes, and keys never appear in an event; for personal keys, only the identifier and the last four characters are kept.
Access by support and operating partners
If an organization's support staff or its operating partner can see several tenants, it is traceable who opened or exported which partner's data and when: for visibility scopes spanning more than one tenant, management writes every opening of an individual record and every export to the security audit log.
Verification procedure for third parties
An auditor who receives an extract from an organization can trace an issuance without access to the database: the chain, the approval, the match between order and certificate, and the revocations. The same procedure applies to relationships; every relationship, every change, and every revocation can be matched against the signed trust bundle the TLS adapters used at that time.
For this, TrustBridge provides a ledger extract in a published format, the rule set versions with their public keys, and a verification tool that performs these steps without access to the installation. The four steps are in Verify an issuance as a third party.
Mapping to regulatory frameworks
| Framework, requirement | Measures | Evidence from TrustBridge | Evidence from the organization |
|---|---|---|---|
| NIS2/BSIG Section 30 (1) risk analysis | Threat model, compromise analysis | Trust model | Risk analysis in its own operations |
| Section 30 (2) incident handling | M-53, M-72 | Alert on counter discrepancy; procedure | Exercise, reporting process |
| Section 30 (3) business continuity | M-30 to M-34 | Failure analysis (Operations and emergencies), standby | Failure drill |
| Section 30 (4) supply chain | M-24, M-25, M-63, M-80 to M-82 | Name constraint, test certificates, relationship ledger, bill of materials | Partner contracts including the relying-party contract |
| Section 30 (5) development, vulnerabilities | M-60 to M-65 | Build gates, bill of materials, provenance records | Applying updates |
| Section 30 (8) cryptography | M-01 to M-08, M-83 to M-85 | Testing against NIST test vectors, parameter sets per TR-02102 | The organization's cryptography concept |
| Section 30 (9) access control | M-14, M-20, M-21, M-41, M-86 | Permissions per request, approvals as signatures, partner identity for target applications | Permission concept, permissions in the target applications |
| Section 30 (10) multi-factor authentication | M-40 | Second factor for every person | Issuing the factors |
| TR-02102 | M-03, M-04, M-83 | Parameter sets of the 2026-01 edition, hybrid TLS groups | – |
| IT-Grundschutz CON.1, OPS.1.1.5, DER.4 | M-01, M-50 to M-53, M-30 to M-34 | Architecture description, logging levels | IT-Grundschutz check |
| ISO/IEC 27001 A.8.24, A.8.15, A.8.5 | As above | Measures and evidence in this documentation | Management system, statement of applicability |
| ETSI EN 319 411-1 | M-70, M-71, M-50 | Ceremony and roles | The organization's certificate policy (CP/CPS) |
| C5 | M-14, M-50, M-63 | Tenant separation, logging, provenance records | The operator's attestation |
| GDPR Art. 5, 32 | M-08, M-74 | Data minimization in the identity model | Record of processing activities, deletion concept |
| CRA | M-60 to M-64 | Bill of materials, the manufacturer's vulnerability process | – |
What this page does not establish
- No conformity. The table shows which measures address a requirement and which evidence TrustBridge contributes. A certification or attestation is obtained by the operating organization with its own evidence.
- No retention periods for any particular organization. The defaults are in Operations and emergencies; each organization sets its own periods (M-74 in Security measures).