Scenarij 5.4: Validacija politik
Kategorija: Validacija in zaupanje
Kompleksnost: ⭐⭐⭐⭐ (Visoka)
Predpogoji: Veriga certifikatov z razširitvami politik
Predviden čas: 15-20 minut
Opis
Ta scenarij opisuje validacijo politik certifikatov po RFC 5280. Validacija politik zagotavlja, da certifikati ustrezajo organizacijskim zahtevam:
- Certificate Policies (OID 2.5.29.32) - Katere politike veljajo?
- Policy Mappings (OID 2.5.29.33) - Prevodi politik med CA-ji
- Policy Constraints (OID 2.5.29.36) - Omejitve dedovanja politik
- Inhibit anyPolicy (OID 2.5.29.54) - Deaktivacija anyPolicy
Potek dela
flowchart TD
CHAIN[Veriga certifikatov] --> EXTRACT[Ekstrakcija politik]
EXTRACT --> MAP[Uporaba Policy Mappings]
MAP --> INHERIT[Preverjanje dedovanja politik]
INHERIT --> CONSTRAINT[Preverjanje omejitev]
CONSTRAINT --> ANY{anyPolicy dovoljen?}
ANY -->|Da| MATCH[Preverjanje ujemanja politik]
ANY -->|Ne| EXPLICIT[Potrebna eksplicitna politika]
MATCH --> OK{Politika izpolnjena?}
EXPLICIT --> OK
OK -->|Da| VALID[Politika veljavna]
OK -->|Ne| INVALID[Politika kršena]
style VALID fill:#e8f5e9
style INVALID fill:#ffebee
Primer kode (C#)
using WvdS.Security.Cryptography.X509Certificates.Extensions.PQ; using System.Security.Cryptography.X509Certificates; using var ctx = PqCryptoContext.Initialize(); // Nalaganje certifikatov var serverCert = ctx.LoadCertificate("server.crt.pem"); var intermediate = ctx.LoadCertificate("intermediate-ca.crt.pem"); var root = ctx.LoadCertificate("root-ca.crt.pem"); // Definicija zahtevane politike var requiredPolicy = new Oid("1.3.6.1.4.1.99999.1.1"); // Primer OID // Veriga s preverjanjem politik var chain = new X509Chain(); chain.ChainPolicy.ExtraStore.Add(intermediate); chain.ChainPolicy.ExtraStore.Add(root); // Dodajanje politik certifikatov chain.ChainPolicy.CertificatePolicy.Add(requiredPolicy); // Gradnja in validacija verige bool isValid = chain.Build(serverCert); // Preverjanje napak politik var policyErrors = chain.ChainElements .SelectMany(e => e.ChainElementStatus) .Where(s => s.Status == X509ChainStatusFlags.InvalidPolicyConstraints || s.Status == X509ChainStatusFlags.NoIssuanceChainPolicy) .ToList(); if (policyErrors.Any()) { Console.WriteLine("Validacija politik neuspešna:"); foreach (var error in policyErrors) { Console.WriteLine($" {error.StatusInformation}"); } } else { Console.WriteLine("Validacija politik uspešna"); }
Ekstrakcija politik iz certifikata
public class PolicyExtractor { public List<CertificatePolicy> ExtractPolicies(X509Certificate2 cert) { var policies = new List<CertificatePolicy>(); // Razširitev Certificate Policies (2.5.29.32) var policyExt = cert.Extensions["2.5.29.32"]; if (policyExt == null) return policies; // Razčlenjevanje ASN.1 var reader = new AsnReader(policyExt.RawData, AsnEncodingRules.DER); var sequence = reader.ReadSequence(); while (sequence.HasData) { var policyInfo = sequence.ReadSequence(); var policyOid = policyInfo.ReadObjectIdentifier(); var policy = new CertificatePolicy { PolicyIdentifier = policyOid }; // Opcijsko: Policy Qualifiers if (policyInfo.HasData) { var qualifiers = policyInfo.ReadSequence(); while (qualifiers.HasData) { var qualifier = qualifiers.ReadSequence(); var qualifierId = qualifier.ReadObjectIdentifier(); // CPS URI (1.3.6.1.5.5.7.2.1) if (qualifierId == "1.3.6.1.5.5.7.2.1") { policy.CpsUri = qualifier.ReadCharacterString(UniversalTagNumber.IA5String); } // User Notice (1.3.6.1.5.5.7.2.2) else if (qualifierId == "1.3.6.1.5.5.7.2.2") { policy.UserNotice = ParseUserNotice(qualifier); } } } policies.Add(policy); } return policies; } }
Pomembni OID-ji politik
| OID | Ime | Uporaba |
|---|---|---|
| 2.5.29.32.0 | anyPolicy | Vse politike dovoljene |
| 2.16.840.1.101.3.2.1.3.13 | id-fpki-common-policy | US Federal PKI |
| 0.4.0.194121.1.2 | NCP | EU Natural Person |
| 0.4.0.194112.1.2 | QCP | EU Qualified Certificate |
| 2.23.140.1.2.1 | DV-SSL | Domain Validated |
| 2.23.140.1.2.2 | OV-SSL | Organization Validated |
| 2.23.140.1.1 | EV-SSL | Extended Validation |
Policy Mappings
public class PolicyMapper { // Ekstrakcija Policy Mappings iz CA certifikata public Dictionary<string, string> ExtractMappings(X509Certificate2 caCert) { var mappings = new Dictionary<string, string>(); // Razširitev Policy Mappings (2.5.29.33) var mappingExt = caCert.Extensions["2.5.29.33"]; if (mappingExt == null) return mappings; var reader = new AsnReader(mappingExt.RawData, AsnEncodingRules.DER); var sequence = reader.ReadSequence(); while (sequence.HasData) { var mapping = sequence.ReadSequence(); var issuerPolicy = mapping.ReadObjectIdentifier(); var subjectPolicy = mapping.ReadObjectIdentifier(); mappings[issuerPolicy] = subjectPolicy; } return mappings; } // Propagacija politike skozi verigo public HashSet<string> PropagatePolicy( X509Certificate2[] chain, string requiredPolicy) { var validPolicies = new HashSet<string> { requiredPolicy }; // Od korenskega do končnega for (int i = chain.Length - 1; i > 0; i--) { var ca = chain[i]; var mappings = ExtractMappings(ca); var newPolicies = new HashSet<string>(); foreach (var policy in validPolicies) { if (mappings.TryGetValue(policy, out var mapped)) { newPolicies.Add(mapped); } else { newPolicies.Add(policy); } } validPolicies = newPolicies; } return validPolicies; } }
Panožne politike
| Panoga | Politika | OID obseg | Zahteve |
|---|---|---|---|
| eIDAS | QCP-n, QCP-l | 0.4.0.194112.* | Kvalificirani certifikati |
| PSD2 | PSD2-QWAC | 0.4.0.19495.* | Plačilne storitve |
| US Federal | FBCA | 2.16.840.1.101.3.* | Federal Bridge CA |
| Zdravstvo DE | gematik | 1.2.276.0.76.4.* | Telematična infrastruktura |
Nadzor dostopa na podlagi politik
public class PolicyBasedAccess { private readonly Dictionary<string, AccessLevel> _policyAccessMap = new() { ["2.23.140.1.1"] = AccessLevel.HighSecurity, // EV ["2.23.140.1.2.2"] = AccessLevel.MediumSecurity, // OV ["2.23.140.1.2.1"] = AccessLevel.LowSecurity, // DV ["2.5.29.32.0"] = AccessLevel.Minimal // anyPolicy }; public AccessLevel DetermineAccessLevel(X509Certificate2 cert) { var policies = new PolicyExtractor().ExtractPolicies(cert); var highestLevel = AccessLevel.None; foreach (var policy in policies) { if (_policyAccessMap.TryGetValue(policy.PolicyIdentifier, out var level)) { if (level > highestLevel) { highestLevel = level; } } } return highestLevel; } } public enum AccessLevel { None = 0, Minimal = 1, LowSecurity = 2, MediumSecurity = 3, HighSecurity = 4 }
Povezani scenariji
| Povezava | Scenarij | Opis |
|---|---|---|
| Predpogoj | 5.2 Validacija verige | Validacija verige |
| Naslednji korak | 5.5 Omejitve imen | Preverjanje imen |
| Povezano | 1.5 Politika certifikatov | Definicija politike |
« ← 5.3 Preverjanje preklica | ↑ Pregled validacije | 5.5 Omejitve imen → »
Wolfgang van der Stille @ EMSR DATA d.o.o. - Post-Quantum Cryptography Professional
Zuletzt geändert: dne 30.01.2026 ob 06:50