Scenario 6.1: Creare CRL
Categoria: Revoca (Revocation)
Complessità: Media
Prerequisiti: Certificato e chiave CA
Tempo stimato: 15-20 minuti
Descrizione
Questo scenario descrive la creazione di una Certificate Revocation List (CRL) secondo RFC 5280. Le CRL sono liste firmate di certificati revocati, pubblicate dalle CA.
Campi CRL:
- issuer - DN della CA emittente
- thisUpdate - Timestamp di emissione
- nextUpdate - Prossimo aggiornamento pianificato
- revokedCertificates - Lista dei numeri seriali revocati
- signature - Firma della CA
Workflow
flowchart LR
REV[Certificati revocati] --> BUILD[CRL Builder]
BUILD --> SIGN[Firmare con CA]
SIGN --> PUBLISH[Pubblicare]
PUBLISH --> CDP[Aggiornare CDP URL]
style SIGN fill:#e8f5e9
Esempio codice (C#)
using WvdS.Security.Cryptography.X509Certificates.Extensions.PQ; using System.Security.Cryptography.X509Certificates; using var ctx = PqCryptoContext.Initialize(); // CA laden var caCert = ctx.LoadCertificate("intermediate-ca.crt.pem"); var caKey = ctx.LoadPrivateKey("intermediate-ca.key.pem", "CaPassword!"); // CRL Builder erstellen var crlBuilder = new CertificateRevocationListBuilder(); // Widerrufene Zertifikate hinzufügen crlBuilder.AddEntry( serialNumber: new byte[] { 0x01, 0x02, 0x03 }, revocationTime: new DateTimeOffset(2024, 6, 15, 10, 30, 0, TimeSpan.Zero), reason: X509RevocationReason.KeyCompromise ); crlBuilder.AddEntry( serialNumber: new byte[] { 0x01, 0x02, 0x04 }, revocationTime: DateTimeOffset.UtcNow.AddDays(-7), reason: X509RevocationReason.CessationOfOperation ); // CRL generieren byte[] crlBytes = crlBuilder.Build( issuerCertificate: caCert, crlNumber: BigInteger.Parse("1000"), nextUpdate: DateTimeOffset.UtcNow.AddDays(7), hashAlgorithm: HashAlgorithmName.SHA256, rsaSignaturePadding: null, // Für PQ nicht relevant mode: CryptoMode.Hybrid ); // CRL speichern File.WriteAllBytes("intermediate-ca.crl", crlBytes); // CRL zu PEM konvertieren var crlPem = ctx.ToPem(crlBytes, "X509 CRL"); File.WriteAllText("intermediate-ca.crl.pem", crlPem); Console.WriteLine("CRL erstellt:"); Console.WriteLine($" Einträge: {crlBuilder.Entries.Count}"); Console.WriteLine($" CRL Number: 1000"); Console.WriteLine($" Next Update: {DateTimeOffset.UtcNow.AddDays(7):yyyy-MM-dd}");
Aggiornare CRL da CRL esistente
public class CrlUpdater { public byte[] UpdateCrl( byte[] existingCrl, X509Certificate2 caCert, AsymmetricAlgorithm caKey, IEnumerable<CrlEntry>? newEntries = null) { using var ctx = PqCryptoContext.Initialize(); // Bestehende CRL parsen var parsedCrl = ctx.ParseCrl(existingCrl); // Neuen Builder mit bestehenden Einträgen var builder = new CertificateRevocationListBuilder(); foreach (var entry in parsedCrl.Entries) { builder.AddEntry(entry.SerialNumber, entry.RevocationTime, entry.Reason); } // Neue Einträge hinzufügen if (newEntries != null) { foreach (var entry in newEntries) { builder.AddEntry(entry.SerialNumber, entry.RevocationTime, entry.Reason); } } // Neue CRL-Nummer (inkrementiert) var newCrlNumber = parsedCrl.CrlNumber + 1; // Neue CRL erstellen return builder.Build( issuerCertificate: caCert, crlNumber: newCrlNumber, nextUpdate: DateTimeOffset.UtcNow.AddDays(7), hashAlgorithm: HashAlgorithmName.SHA256, mode: CryptoMode.Hybrid ); } }
CRL Extensions
// CRL mit Extensions var crlBuilder = new CertificateRevocationListBuilder(); // CRL Extensions crlBuilder.AddExtension( oid: "2.5.29.20", // CRL Number critical: false, value: BuildCrlNumberExtension(1001) ); crlBuilder.AddExtension( oid: "2.5.29.35", // Authority Key Identifier critical: false, value: BuildAkiExtension(caCert) ); crlBuilder.AddExtension( oid: "2.5.29.28", // Issuing Distribution Point critical: true, value: BuildIdpExtension( distributionPoint: "http://crl.example.com/intermediate.crl", onlyContainUserCerts: true ) ); // Entry Extensions (pro widerrufenes Zertifikat) crlBuilder.AddEntry( serialNumber: revokedSerial, revocationTime: DateTimeOffset.UtcNow, reason: X509RevocationReason.KeyCompromise, extensions: new X509ExtensionCollection { // Invalidity Date (wann tatsächlich kompromittiert) BuildInvalidityDateExtension(compromiseDate), // Certificate Issuer (falls Indirect CRL) BuildCertificateIssuerExtension(certIssuerDn) } );
Motivi di revoca (RFC 5280)
| Codice | Motivo | Descrizione |
|---|---|---|
| 0 | unspecified | Nessun motivo specifico |
| 1 | keyCompromise | Chiave compromessa |
| 2 | cACompromise | CA compromessa |
| 3 | affiliationChanged | Affiliazione modificata |
| 4 | superseded | Sostituito da nuovo certificato |
| 5 | cessationOfOperation | Attività cessata |
| 6 | certificateHold | Sospeso temporaneamente |
| 8 | removeFromCRL | Rimuovere da CRL (annullare sospensione) |
| 9 | privilegeWithdrawn | Privilegio revocato |
| 10 | aACompromise | Attribute Authority compromessa |
Configurare CRL Distribution Point
// Zertifikat mit CDP ausstellen var cert = ctx.IssueCertificate( csr, issuerCert: caCert, issuerKey: caKey, extensions: new ExtBuilder() .CrlDistributionPoint( uri: "http://crl.example.com/intermediate.crl", ldapUri: "ldap://ldap.example.com/cn=Intermediate-CA,o=Example,c=DE?certificateRevocationList" ) .Build() );
Requisiti CRL specifici per settore
| Settore | Max. nextUpdate | Formato | Distribuzione |
|---|---|---|---|
| WebPKI | 7 giorni | DER | HTTP |
| Enterprise | 24 ore | DER/PEM | HTTP, LDAP |
| Energia/SCADA | 30 giorni | DER | Offline |
| Sanità | 24 ore | DER | HTTP |
Best Practice: Aggiornare la CRL prima di nextUpdate (50-75% della durata di validità).
Scenari correlati
| Relazione | Scenario | Descrizione |
|---|---|---|
| Alternativa | 6.2 OCSP Responder | Verifica online |
| Estensione | 6.3 Delta-CRL | Aggiornamenti incrementali |
| Prerequisito | 6.4 Revocare certificato | Processo di revoca |
« ← Panoramica revoca | ↑ Scenari | 6.2 OCSP Responder → »
Wolfgang van der Stille @ EMSR DATA d.o.o. - Post-Quantum Cryptography Professional
Zuletzt geändert: il 30/01/2026 alle 07:14