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4.2 Test Algorithms

4.2 Test Algorithms

This page shows how to test the Post-Quantum algorithms ML-DSA and ML-KEM.

List Available Algorithms

Signature Algorithms

$openssl = "D:\Projects\openssl-3.6.0\bin\bin\openssl.exe"
& $openssl list -signature-algorithms

Post-Quantum (ML-DSA):

  { 2.16.840.1.101.3.4.3.17, mldsa44 }
  { 2.16.840.1.101.3.4.3.18, mldsa65 }
  { 2.16.840.1.101.3.4.3.19, mldsa87 }

Classical:

  RSA-SHA256
  RSA-PSS
  ECDSA
  Ed25519
  Ed448

KEM Algorithms

& $openssl list -kem-algorithms

Post-Quantum (ML-KEM):

  { 2.16.840.1.101.3.4.4.1, mlkem512 }
  { 2.16.840.1.101.3.4.4.2, mlkem768 }
  { 2.16.840.1.101.3.4.4.3, mlkem1024 }

Generate ML-DSA Keys

ML-DSA-65 (recommended)

# Generate private key
& $openssl genpkey -algorithm mldsa65 -out mldsa65.key
 
# Extract public key
& $openssl pkey -in mldsa65.key -pubout -out mldsa65.pub
 
# Show key info
& $openssl pkey -in mldsa65.key -text -noout

Output:

ML-DSA Private Key (mldsa65):
priv:
    (4032 bytes)
pub:
    (1952 bytes)

All ML-DSA Variants

Variant	Security	Key Size	Signature Size
———	———-	———-	—————-
ML-DSA-44	128-bit	2560 B	2420 B
ML-DSA-65	192-bit	4032 B	3293 B
ML-DSA-87	256-bit	4896 B	4595 B

# ML-DSA-44 (smaller)
& $openssl genpkey -algorithm mldsa44 -out mldsa44.key
 
# ML-DSA-87 (larger, more secure)
& $openssl genpkey -algorithm mldsa87 -out mldsa87.key

ML-DSA Sign and Verify

Create Test File

"Hello Post-Quantum World!" | Out-File -Encoding ASCII test.txt

Sign

& $openssl dgst -sign mldsa65.key -out test.sig test.txt

Verify

& $openssl dgst -verify mldsa65.pub -signature test.sig test.txt

Expected output:

Verified OK

ML-KEM Key Encapsulation

Generate ML-KEM-768 Key

& $openssl genpkey -algorithm mlkem768 -out mlkem768.key
& $openssl pkey -in mlkem768.key -pubout -out mlkem768.pub

All ML-KEM Variants

Variant	Security	Public Key	Ciphertext	Shared Secret
———	———-	————	————	—————
ML-KEM-512	128-bit	800 B	768 B	32 B
ML-KEM-768	192-bit	1184 B	1088 B	32 B
ML-KEM-1024	256-bit	1568 B	1568 B	32 B

Measure Performance

# ML-DSA signature performance
& $openssl speed mldsa44 mldsa65 mldsa87

Example output (varies by hardware):

                              sign    verify    sign/s verify/s
mldsa44                     0.0005s   0.0001s   1964.7   8234.5
mldsa65                     0.0008s   0.0002s   1234.5   5123.4
mldsa87                     0.0012s   0.0003s    832.1   3456.7

# ML-KEM encapsulation performance
& $openssl speed mlkem512 mlkem768 mlkem1024

Combined Test

A complete test workflow:

$openssl = "D:\Projects\openssl-3.6.0\bin\bin\openssl.exe"
 
# 1. Create test file
"Test message for Post-Quantum cryptography" | Out-File -Encoding ASCII pq_test.txt
 
# 2. ML-DSA-65 key pair
Write-Host "Generating ML-DSA-65 keys..."
& $openssl genpkey -algorithm mldsa65 -out pq_test.key
& $openssl pkey -in pq_test.key -pubout -out pq_test.pub
 
# 3. Sign
Write-Host "Signing message..."
& $openssl dgst -sign pq_test.key -out pq_test.sig pq_test.txt
 
# 4. Verify
Write-Host "Verifying signature..."
$result = & $openssl dgst -verify pq_test.pub -signature pq_test.sig pq_test.txt 2>&1
 
if ($result -match "Verified OK") {
    Write-Host "ML-DSA-65 Test SUCCESSFUL!" -ForegroundColor Green
} else {
    Write-Host "ML-DSA-65 Test FAILED!" -ForegroundColor Red
}
 
# 5. Cleanup
Remove-Item pq_test.* -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue

Problems?

Symptom	Possible Cause
———	—————-
`Unknown algorithm`	OpenSSL < 3.6 or provider missing
No ML-DSA in list	Wrong build or provider not loaded
Signature fails	Corrupted key file

→ Troubleshooting

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Wolfgang van der Stille @ EMSR DATA d.o.o. - Post-Quantum Cryptography Professional