~~NOTOC~~
====== Scenarij 10.1: Nastavitev TLS strežnika ======

<WRAP round info>
**Kategorija:** [[.:start|TLS/mTLS]] \\
**Kompleksnost:** ⭐⭐⭐ (Srednja) \\
**Predpogoji:** Strežniški certifikat, zasebni ključ \\
**Predviden čas:** 20-30 minut
</WRAP>

----

===== Opis =====

Ta scenarij opisuje **nastavitev TLS strežnika** s postkvantno varnimi certifikati. TLS 1.3 je obvezen za sodobno varnost.

**Komponente:**
  * Strežniški certifikat (ML-DSA ali hibridni)
  * Veriga certifikatov (vmesni + korenski)
  * TLS konfiguracija
  * Šifrirni nabori

----

===== Potek dela =====

<mermaid>
flowchart LR
    CERT[Priprava certifikata] --> CHAIN[Ustvarjanje verige]
    CHAIN --> CONFIG[Konfiguracija TLS]
    CONFIG --> TEST[Testiranje]
    TEST --> DEPLOY[Uvajanje]

    style CONFIG fill:#e8f5e9
</mermaid>

----

===== Primer kode: ASP.NET Core Kestrel =====

<code csharp>
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Server.Kestrel.Core;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Server.Kestrel.Https;

var builder = WebApplication.CreateBuilder(args);

builder.WebHost.ConfigureKestrel(options =>
{
    options.ListenAnyIP(443, listenOptions =>
    {
        listenOptions.UseHttps(httpsOptions =>
        {
            // Nalaganje strežniškega certifikata
            httpsOptions.ServerCertificate = LoadCertificateChain(
                "server.crt.pem",
                "server.key.pem",
                "intermediate-ca.crt.pem"
            );

            // Zahtevanje TLS 1.3
            httpsOptions.SslProtocols = SslProtocols.Tls13;

            // Aktivacija OCSP Stapling
            httpsOptions.OnAuthenticate = (context, sslOptions) =>
            {
                sslOptions.CertificateRevocationCheckMode = X509RevocationMode.Online;
            };
        });

        // Aktivacija HTTP/2
        listenOptions.Protocols = HttpProtocols.Http1AndHttp2;
    });
});

var app = builder.Build();

// Aktivacija HSTS
app.UseHsts();

app.MapGet("/", () => "TLS strežnik aktiven");

app.Run();

static X509Certificate2 LoadCertificateChain(
    string certPath,
    string keyPath,
    string chainPath)
{
    using var ctx = PqCryptoContext.Initialize();

    // Strežniški certifikat z zasebnim ključem
    var cert = ctx.LoadCertificateWithPrivateKey(certPath, keyPath, null);

    // Dodajanje verige (za popolno verigo)
    var intermediate = ctx.LoadCertificate(chainPath);

    // Ustvarjanje PFX z verigo
    var pfxBytes = ctx.ExportToPfx(cert, cert.GetRSAPrivateKey(), new[] { intermediate }, null);
    return new X509Certificate2(pfxBytes);
}
</code>

----

===== Konfiguracija Nginx =====

<code nginx>
server {
    listen 443 ssl http2;
    server_name www.example.com;

    # Strežniški certifikat (z verigo)
    ssl_certificate     /etc/nginx/ssl/server-chain.pem;
    ssl_certificate_key /etc/nginx/ssl/server.key.pem;

    # Samo TLS 1.3
    ssl_protocols TLSv1.3;

    # Šifrirni nabori (TLS 1.3 privzeti)
    # ssl_ciphers TLS_AES_256_GCM_SHA384:TLS_CHACHA20_POLY1305_SHA256;
    ssl_prefer_server_ciphers off;

    # OCSP Stapling
    ssl_stapling on;
    ssl_stapling_verify on;
    ssl_trusted_certificate /etc/nginx/ssl/ca-chain.pem;
    resolver 8.8.8.8 8.8.4.4 valid=300s;
    resolver_timeout 5s;

    # Varnostne glave
    add_header Strict-Transport-Security "max-age=63072000; includeSubDomains; preload" always;
    add_header X-Content-Type-Options "nosniff" always;
    add_header X-Frame-Options "DENY" always;

    # Konfiguracija seje
    ssl_session_timeout 1d;
    ssl_session_cache shared:SSL:50m;
    ssl_session_tickets off;

    location / {
        proxy_pass http://backend:8080;
        proxy_http_version 1.1;
        proxy_set_header Host $host;
        proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
        proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
        proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto $scheme;
    }
}
</code>

----

===== Konfiguracija Apache =====

<code apache>
<VirtualHost *:443>
    ServerName www.example.com

    # Aktivacija SSL
    SSLEngine on

    # Certifikati
    SSLCertificateFile      /etc/apache2/ssl/server.crt.pem
    SSLCertificateKeyFile   /etc/apache2/ssl/server.key.pem
    SSLCertificateChainFile /etc/apache2/ssl/intermediate-ca.crt.pem

    # Samo TLS 1.3
    SSLProtocol -all +TLSv1.3

    # OCSP Stapling
    SSLUseStapling On
    SSLStaplingCache "shmcb:logs/ssl_stapling(32768)"
    SSLStaplingResponderTimeout 5
    SSLStaplingReturnResponderErrors off

    # HSTS
    Header always set Strict-Transport-Security "max-age=63072000; includeSubDomains; preload"

    # Deaktivacija kompresije (BREACH)
    SSLCompression off

    <Directory /var/www/html>
        Options -Indexes +FollowSymLinks
        AllowOverride All
        Require all granted
    </Directory>
</VirtualHost>
</code>

----

===== Ustvarjanje verige certifikatov =====

<code bash>
# Strežniški certifikat + vmesni = veriga
cat server.crt.pem intermediate-ca.crt.pem > server-chain.pem

# Preverjanje vrstnega reda
openssl crl2pkcs7 -nocrl -certfile server-chain.pem | openssl pkcs7 -print_certs -noout

# Validacija verige
openssl verify -CAfile root-ca.crt.pem -untrusted intermediate-ca.crt.pem server.crt.pem
</code>

----

===== Testiranje TLS konfiguracije =====

<code bash>
# SSL Labs API (če je javno dostopen)
# https://www.ssllabs.com/ssltest/

# Lokalni test z OpenSSL
openssl s_client -connect localhost:443 -tls1_3 -brief

# Preverjanje šifrirnih naborov
openssl s_client -connect localhost:443 -cipher 'TLS_AES_256_GCM_SHA384' </dev/null

# Preverjanje verige certifikatov
openssl s_client -connect localhost:443 -showcerts </dev/null 2>/dev/null | openssl x509 -text -noout

# Preverjanje OCSP Stapling
openssl s_client -connect localhost:443 -status </dev/null 2>/dev/null | grep -A 5 "OCSP Response"

# testssl.sh (obsežno)
./testssl.sh localhost:443
</code>

----

===== C# testni odjemalec =====

<code csharp>
public async Task TestTlsConnection(string url)
{
    var handler = new HttpClientHandler
    {
        ServerCertificateCustomValidationCallback = (message, cert, chain, errors) =>
        {
            Console.WriteLine($"Strežnik: {cert.Subject}");
            Console.WriteLine($"Izdajatelj: {cert.Issuer}");
            Console.WriteLine($"Algoritem: {cert.SignatureAlgorithm.FriendlyName}");
            Console.WriteLine($"Veljavno do: {cert.NotAfter}");

            if (chain != null)
            {
                Console.WriteLine($"Dolžina verige: {chain.ChainElements.Count}");
                foreach (var element in chain.ChainElements)
                {
                    Console.WriteLine($"  - {element.Certificate.Subject}");
                }
            }

            if (errors != SslPolicyErrors.None)
            {
                Console.WriteLine($"SSL napake: {errors}");
                return false;
            }

            return true;
        }
    };

    using var client = new HttpClient(handler);
    var response = await client.GetAsync(url);

    Console.WriteLine($"Status: {response.StatusCode}");
    Console.WriteLine($"Protokol: {response.Version}");
}
</code>

----

===== Panožne TLS zahteve =====

^  Panoga  ^  Minimalni TLS  ^  Šifrirni nabori  ^  Posebnost  ^
| **PCI-DSS** | TLS 1.2+ | Močne šifre | Letni pregled |
| **HIPAA** | TLS 1.2+ | AES-256 | Revizijsko beleženje |
| **BSI TR-02102** | TLS 1.2+ | BSI skladni nabori | PFS obvezen |
| **Energetika/SCADA** | TLS 1.2+ | ICS specifični | Dolgoročna podpora |

----

===== Povezani scenariji =====

^  Povezava  ^  Scenarij  ^  Opis  ^
| **Predpogoj** | [[sl:int:pqcrypt:szenarien:zertifikate:server_cert|3.1 Strežniški certifikat]] | Ustvarjanje certifikata |
| **Naslednji korak** | [[.:client_config|10.2 TLS odjemalec]] | Konfiguracija odjemalca |
| **Razširitev** | [[.:mtls_deployment|10.3 Uvajanje mTLS]] | Obojestranska avtentikacija |

----

<< [[.:start|← Pregled TLS]] | [[sl:int:pqcrypt:szenarien:start|↑ Scenariji]] | [[.:client_config|10.2 TLS odjemalec →]] >>

{{tag>scenarij tls strežnik nginx kestrel https}}

----
//Wolfgang van der Stille @ EMSR DATA d.o.o. - Post-Quantum Cryptography Professional//