~~NOTOC~~
====== Scenario 6.2: OCSP Responder ======

<WRAP round info>
**Categoria:** [[.:start|Revoca (Revocation)]] \\
**Complessità:** Alta \\
**Prerequisiti:** Infrastruttura CA, certificato OCSP Signing \\
**Tempo stimato:** 30-45 minuti
</WRAP>

----

===== Descrizione =====

Questo scenario descrive l'**implementazione di un OCSP Responder** (Online Certificate Status Protocol, RFC 6960). OCSP consente la verifica in tempo reale dello stato del certificato.

**Vantaggi rispetto a CRL:**
  * Stato in tempo reale
  * Risposte più piccole
  * Nessun download completo
  * Privacy (solo un certificato verificato)

----

===== Workflow =====

<mermaid>
flowchart LR
    CLIENT[Client] -->|OCSP Request| RESPONDER[OCSP Responder]
    RESPONDER --> DB[(Revocation DB)]
    RESPONDER -->|OCSP Response| CLIENT

    subgraph Response
        GOOD[good]
        REVOKED[revoked]
        UNKNOWN[unknown]
    end

    style RESPONDER fill:#e8f5e9
</mermaid>

----

===== Esempio codice: Creare OCSP Request =====

<code csharp>
using WvdS.Security.Cryptography.X509Certificates.Extensions.PQ;
using System.Security.Cryptography;

using var ctx = PqCryptoContext.Initialize();

// Zu prüfendes Zertifikat und Issuer laden
var cert = ctx.LoadCertificate("server.crt.pem");
var issuer = ctx.LoadCertificate("intermediate-ca.crt.pem");

// OCSP Request erstellen
var ocspRequest = ctx.CreateOcspRequest(
    certificate: cert,
    issuer: issuer,
    hashAlgorithm: HashAlgorithmName.SHA256,
    nonce: true  // Replay-Schutz
);

// Request als DER
byte[] requestBytes = ocspRequest.Encode();

// Request senden
using var http = new HttpClient();
var content = new ByteArrayContent(requestBytes);
content.Headers.ContentType = new MediaTypeHeaderValue("application/ocsp-request");

var ocspUrl = ctx.GetOcspUrl(cert);  // AIA Extension auslesen
var response = await http.PostAsync(ocspUrl, content);

var responseBytes = await response.Content.ReadAsByteArrayAsync();

// Response parsen
var status = ctx.ParseOcspResponse(responseBytes, cert, issuer);

Console.WriteLine($"OCSP Status: {status.Status}");
Console.WriteLine($"  Produziert: {status.ProducedAt}");
Console.WriteLine($"  This Update: {status.ThisUpdate}");
Console.WriteLine($"  Next Update: {status.NextUpdate}");
</code>

----

===== Esempio codice: Implementare OCSP Responder =====

<code csharp>
public class OcspResponder
{
    private readonly X509Certificate2 _responderCert;
    private readonly AsymmetricAlgorithm _responderKey;
    private readonly IRevocationDatabase _revocationDb;
    private readonly PqCryptoContext _ctx;

    public OcspResponder(
        X509Certificate2 responderCert,
        AsymmetricAlgorithm responderKey,
        IRevocationDatabase revocationDb)
    {
        _responderCert = responderCert;
        _responderKey = responderKey;
        _revocationDb = revocationDb;
        _ctx = PqCryptoContext.Initialize();
    }

    public byte[] ProcessRequest(byte[] requestBytes)
    {
        try
        {
            // Request parsen
            var request = _ctx.ParseOcspRequest(requestBytes);

            // Response Builder
            var responseBuilder = new OcspResponseBuilder();

            foreach (var certId in request.CertificateIds)
            {
                // Status in Datenbank nachschlagen
                var revocationInfo = _revocationDb.GetRevocationStatus(
                    certId.IssuerNameHash,
                    certId.IssuerKeyHash,
                    certId.SerialNumber
                );

                if (revocationInfo == null)
                {
                    // Unbekanntes Zertifikat
                    responseBuilder.AddStatus(certId, OcspCertStatus.Unknown);
                }
                else if (revocationInfo.IsRevoked)
                {
                    // Widerrufen
                    responseBuilder.AddStatus(
                        certId,
                        OcspCertStatus.Revoked,
                        revocationInfo.RevocationTime,
                        revocationInfo.RevocationReason
                    );
                }
                else
                {
                    // Gültig
                    responseBuilder.AddStatus(certId, OcspCertStatus.Good);
                }
            }

            // Response signieren
            return responseBuilder.Build(
                responderCert: _responderCert,
                responderKey: _responderKey,
                producedAt: DateTimeOffset.UtcNow,
                nextUpdate: DateTimeOffset.UtcNow.AddMinutes(5),
                nonce: request.Nonce,
                mode: CryptoMode.Hybrid
            );
        }
        catch (Exception ex)
        {
            // Internal Error Response
            return BuildErrorResponse(OcspResponseStatus.InternalError);
        }
    }

    private byte[] BuildErrorResponse(OcspResponseStatus status)
    {
        return _ctx.BuildOcspErrorResponse(status);
    }
}
</code>

----

===== Creare certificato OCSP Responder =====

<code csharp>
// OCSP Responder braucht spezielles Zertifikat
using var ocspKey = ctx.GenerateKeyPair(PqAlgorithm.MlDsa65);

var dn = new DnBuilder()
    .AddCN("OCSP Responder - Example CA")
    .AddO("Example GmbH")
    .AddC("DE")
    .Build();

var csr = ctx.CreateCertificateRequest(ocspKey, dn);

var ocspCert = ctx.IssueCertificate(
    csr,
    issuerCert: caCert,
    issuerKey: caKey,
    validDays: 30,  // Kurze Gültigkeit für OCSP Responder
    extensions: new ExtBuilder()
        .BasicConstraints(ca: false, critical: true)
        // OCSP Signing Key Usage
        .KeyUsage(KeyUsageFlags.DigitalSignature, critical: true)
        // OCSP Signing EKU
        .ExtendedKeyUsage(ExtKeyUsage.OcspSigning)
        // id-pkix-ocsp-nocheck Extension (keine Revocation-Prüfung für Responder)
        .OcspNoCheck()
        .SubjectKeyIdentifier(ocspKey.PublicKey)
        .AuthorityKeyIdentifier(caCert)
        .Build()
);

ocspCert.ToPemFile("ocsp-responder.crt.pem");
ocspKey.ToEncryptedPemFile("ocsp-responder.key.pem", "OcspPassword!");
</code>

----

===== ASP.NET Core OCSP Endpoint =====

<code csharp>
[ApiController]
[Route("ocsp")]
public class OcspController : ControllerBase
{
    private readonly OcspResponder _responder;

    public OcspController(OcspResponder responder)
    {
        _responder = responder;
    }

    // POST /ocsp
    [HttpPost]
    [Consumes("application/ocsp-request")]
    [Produces("application/ocsp-response")]
    public IActionResult Post()
    {
        using var ms = new MemoryStream();
        Request.Body.CopyTo(ms);
        var requestBytes = ms.ToArray();

        var responseBytes = _responder.ProcessRequest(requestBytes);

        return File(responseBytes, "application/ocsp-response");
    }

    // GET /ocsp/{base64-request} (für OCSP GET)
    [HttpGet("{encodedRequest}")]
    [Produces("application/ocsp-response")]
    public IActionResult Get(string encodedRequest)
    {
        var requestBytes = Convert.FromBase64String(
            Uri.UnescapeDataString(encodedRequest)
        );

        var responseBytes = _responder.ProcessRequest(requestBytes);

        return File(responseBytes, "application/ocsp-response");
    }
}
</code>

----

===== OCSP Response Status =====

^  Stato  ^  HTTP  ^  Significato  ^
| **successful** | 200 | Request elaborata |
| **malformedRequest** | 200 | Request non valida |
| **internalError** | 200 | Errore server |
| **tryLater** | 200 | Temporaneamente non disponibile |
| **sigRequired** | 200 | Firma richiesta |
| **unauthorized** | 200 | Non autorizzato |

<WRAP round important>
**Importante:** OCSP restituisce sempre HTTP 200! Lo stato è codificato nella Response.
</WRAP>

----

===== Requisiti OCSP specifici per settore =====

^  Settore  ^  Response Caching  ^  Stapling  ^  Alta disponibilità  ^
| **WebPKI** | Max 10 min | Obbligatorio | 99.9% |
| **Enterprise** | Max 1 ora | Raccomandato | Secondo SLA |
| **Settore finanziario** | Max 5 min | Obbligatorio | 99.99% |
| **Sanità** | Max 1 ora | Opzionale | 99.9% |

----

===== Scenari correlati =====

^  Relazione  ^  Scenario  ^  Descrizione  ^
| **Alternativa** | [[.:crl_erstellen|6.1 Creare CRL]] | Verifica offline |
| **Correlato** | [[it:int:pqcrypt:szenarien:validierung:revocation_check|5.3 Revocation Check]] | Verifica lato client |
| **Prerequisito** | [[.:zertifikat_widerrufen|6.4 Revocare certificato]] | Processo di revoca |

----

<< [[.:crl_erstellen|← 6.1 Creare CRL]] | [[.:start|↑ Panoramica revoca]] | [[.:delta_crl|6.3 Delta-CRL →]] >>

{{tag>scenario revoca ocsp responder tempo-reale}}

----
//Wolfgang van der Stille @ EMSR DATA d.o.o. - Post-Quantum Cryptography Professional//