~~NOTOC~~
====== Scenario 10.3: Deployment mTLS ======

<WRAP round info>
**Categoria:** [[.:start|TLS/mTLS]] \\
**Complessità:** Alta \\
**Prerequisiti:** Certificati server e client, PKI \\
**Tempo stimato:** 30-45 minuti
</WRAP>

----

===== Descrizione =====

Questo scenario descrive il **deployment completo di un'infrastruttura mTLS** per l'autenticazione reciproca tra client e server.

**Ambiti di utilizzo:**
  * Architetture Zero-Trust
  * Service-Mesh (Istio, Linkerd)
  * Sicurezza API
  * Comunicazione microservizi
  * Autenticazione dispositivi IoT

----

===== Architettura =====

<mermaid>
flowchart TD
    subgraph PKI
        ROOT[Root-CA] --> INT_SRV[Intermediate-CA Server]
        ROOT --> INT_CLI[Intermediate-CA Client]
    end

    subgraph Server
        INT_SRV --> SRV_CERT[Certificato server]
        SRV_CERT --> API[API Server]
    end

    subgraph Clients
        INT_CLI --> CLI1[Client 1]
        INT_CLI --> CLI2[Client 2]
        INT_CLI --> CLI3[Servizio A]
    end

    CLI1 <-->|mTLS| API
    CLI2 <-->|mTLS| API
    CLI3 <-->|mTLS| API
</mermaid>

----

===== 1. Struttura PKI per mTLS =====

<code csharp>
using WvdS.Security.Cryptography.X509Certificates.Extensions.PQ;

public class MtlsPkiSetup
{
    public void CreateMtlsPki(string basePath)
    {
        using var ctx = PqCryptoContext.Initialize();

        // Root-CA
        using var rootKey = ctx.GenerateKeyPair(PqAlgorithm.MlDsa65);
        var rootCert = ctx.CreateSelfSignedCertificate(
            rootKey,
            new DnBuilder().AddCN("mTLS Root CA").AddO("Example").Build(),
            validDays: 3650,
            extensions: new ExtBuilder()
                .BasicConstraints(ca: true, pathLengthConstraint: 2, critical: true)
                .KeyUsage(KeyUsageFlags.KeyCertSign | KeyUsageFlags.CrlSign, critical: true)
                .Build()
        );
        SaveCertAndKey(basePath, "root-ca", rootCert, rootKey);

        // Intermediate-CA Server
        using var serverIntKey = ctx.GenerateKeyPair(PqAlgorithm.MlDsa65);
        var serverIntCert = CreateIntermediateCa(
            ctx, rootCert, rootKey, serverIntKey,
            "mTLS Server Intermediate CA",
            new[] { "dns:.example.com" }  // Name Constraint
        );
        SaveCertAndKey(basePath, "server-int-ca", serverIntCert, serverIntKey);

        // Intermediate-CA Client
        using var clientIntKey = ctx.GenerateKeyPair(PqAlgorithm.MlDsa65);
        var clientIntCert = CreateIntermediateCa(
            ctx, rootCert, rootKey, clientIntKey,
            "mTLS Client Intermediate CA",
            null  // Nessun Name Constraint per client
        );
        SaveCertAndKey(basePath, "client-int-ca", clientIntCert, clientIntKey);

        Console.WriteLine("PKI mTLS creata");
    }
}
</code>

----

===== 2. Configurazione server =====

<code csharp>
// ASP.NET Core Kestrel mTLS
builder.WebHost.ConfigureKestrel(options =>
{
    options.ListenAnyIP(443, listenOptions =>
    {
        listenOptions.UseHttps(httpsOptions =>
        {
            // Certificato server
            httpsOptions.ServerCertificate = new X509Certificate2(
                "server.pfx", "ServerPassword!");

            // Richiedere certificato client
            httpsOptions.ClientCertificateMode = ClientCertificateMode.RequireCertificate;

            // CA client accettate
            httpsOptions.ClientCertificateValidation = (cert, chain, errors) =>
            {
                // Accettare solo certificati della nostra Client-CA
                return ValidateClientCertificate(cert, chain);
            };
        });
    });
});

bool ValidateClientCertificate(X509Certificate2 cert, X509Chain? chain)
{
    // Caricare CA client trusted
    var trustedClientCa = new X509Certificate2("client-int-ca.crt.pem");

    // Costruire chain personalizzata
    var customChain = new X509Chain();
    customChain.ChainPolicy.CustomTrustStore.Add(trustedClientCa);
    customChain.ChainPolicy.TrustMode = X509ChainTrustMode.CustomRootTrust;
    customChain.ChainPolicy.RevocationMode = X509RevocationMode.Online;

    // Verificare Extended Key Usage: clientAuth
    customChain.ChainPolicy.ApplicationPolicy.Add(
        new Oid("1.3.6.1.5.5.7.3.2"));

    return customChain.Build(cert);
}
</code>

----

===== 3. Configurazione client =====

<code csharp>
public HttpClient CreateMtlsClient(string clientCertPath, string clientKeyPath, string password)
{
    using var ctx = PqCryptoContext.Initialize();

    // Caricare certificato client
    var clientCert = ctx.LoadCertificateWithPrivateKey(
        clientCertPath,
        clientKeyPath,
        password
    );

    // Trust Store server
    var trustedServerCa = ctx.LoadCertificate("server-int-ca.crt.pem");

    var handler = new HttpClientHandler
    {
        ClientCertificateOptions = ClientCertificateOption.Manual,
        SslProtocols = SslProtocols.Tls13,

        ServerCertificateCustomValidationCallback = (message, cert, chain, errors) =>
        {
            var customChain = new X509Chain();
            customChain.ChainPolicy.CustomTrustStore.Add(trustedServerCa);
            customChain.ChainPolicy.TrustMode = X509ChainTrustMode.CustomRootTrust;

            // Extended Key Usage: serverAuth
            customChain.ChainPolicy.ApplicationPolicy.Add(
                new Oid("1.3.6.1.5.5.7.3.1"));

            return customChain.Build(cert);
        }
    };

    handler.ClientCertificates.Add(clientCert);

    return new HttpClient(handler)
    {
        DefaultRequestHeaders = { { "User-Agent", "mTLS-Client/1.0" } }
    };
}
</code>

----

===== 4. Nginx mTLS Reverse Proxy =====

<code nginx>
server {
    listen 443 ssl http2;
    server_name api.example.com;

    # Certificato server
    ssl_certificate     /etc/nginx/ssl/server-chain.pem;
    ssl_certificate_key /etc/nginx/ssl/server.key.pem;

    # Autenticazione client
    ssl_client_certificate /etc/nginx/ssl/client-ca-chain.pem;
    ssl_verify_client on;
    ssl_verify_depth 2;

    # Verifica CRL
    ssl_crl /etc/nginx/ssl/client-ca.crl;

    # TLS 1.3
    ssl_protocols TLSv1.3;
    ssl_prefer_server_ciphers off;

    # OCSP Stapling per cert server
    ssl_stapling on;
    ssl_stapling_verify on;

    location / {
        # Inoltrare info client al backend
        proxy_set_header X-Client-Cert-Subject $ssl_client_s_dn;
        proxy_set_header X-Client-Cert-Issuer $ssl_client_i_dn;
        proxy_set_header X-Client-Cert-Serial $ssl_client_serial;
        proxy_set_header X-Client-Cert-Fingerprint $ssl_client_fingerprint;
        proxy_set_header X-Client-Verify $ssl_client_verify;

        proxy_pass http://backend:8080;
    }
}
</code>

----

===== 5. Kubernetes mTLS (Istio) =====

<code yaml>
# PeerAuthentication - mTLS per tutti i servizi nel namespace
apiVersion: security.istio.io/v1beta1
kind: PeerAuthentication
metadata:
  name: default
  namespace: production
spec:
  mtls:
    mode: STRICT  # mTLS obbligatorio
---
# DestinationRule - mTLS per connessioni in uscita
apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1beta1
kind: DestinationRule
metadata:
  name: default
  namespace: production
spec:
  host: "*.production.svc.cluster.local"
  trafficPolicy:
    tls:
      mode: ISTIO_MUTUAL  # Certificati gestiti da Istio
---
# AuthorizationPolicy - Autorizzazione basata su certificato
apiVersion: security.istio.io/v1beta1
kind: AuthorizationPolicy
metadata:
  name: api-access
  namespace: production
spec:
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: api-server
  action: ALLOW
  rules:
  - from:
    - source:
        principals: ["cluster.local/ns/production/sa/frontend-service"]
        namespaces: ["production"]
</code>

----

===== 6. Monitoring e logging =====

<code csharp>
public class MtlsLoggingMiddleware
{
    private readonly RequestDelegate _next;
    private readonly ILogger<MtlsLoggingMiddleware> _logger;

    public MtlsLoggingMiddleware(RequestDelegate next, ILogger<MtlsLoggingMiddleware> logger)
    {
        _next = next;
        _logger = logger;
    }

    public async Task InvokeAsync(HttpContext context)
    {
        var clientCert = context.Connection.ClientCertificate;

        if (clientCert != null)
        {
            _logger.LogInformation(
                "Richiesta mTLS: Subject={Subject}, Thumbprint={Thumbprint}, " +
                "Serial={Serial}, NotAfter={NotAfter}",
                clientCert.Subject,
                clientCert.Thumbprint,
                clientCert.SerialNumber,
                clientCert.NotAfter
            );

            // Avviso per certificati in scadenza
            var daysUntilExpiry = (clientCert.NotAfter - DateTime.UtcNow).Days;
            if (daysUntilExpiry < 30)
            {
                _logger.LogWarning(
                    "Certificato client scade tra {Days} giorni: {Subject}",
                    daysUntilExpiry,
                    clientCert.Subject
                );
            }
        }

        await _next(context);
    }
}
</code>

----

===== Deployment mTLS specifici per settore =====

^  Settore  ^  Infrastruttura  ^  Rotazione cert  ^  Particolarità  ^
| **Cloud Native** | Istio/Linkerd | Automatica (SPIFFE) | Service Mesh |
| **Settore finanziario** | Hardware LB | 90 giorni | Supportato HSM |
| **Sanità** | On-Premise | 1 anno | Air-Gap possibile |
| **IoT** | Edge Gateway | 2-5 anni | Funzionamento offline |

----

===== Scenari correlati =====

^  Relazione  ^  Scenario  ^  Descrizione  ^
| **Prerequisito** | [[.:server_setup|10.1 Server TLS]] | Lato server |
| **Prerequisito** | [[.:client_config|10.2 Client TLS]] | Lato client |
| **Correlato** | [[it:int:pqcrypt:szenarien:authentifizierung:mtls_client_auth|9.1 Auth mTLS]] | Autenticazione |
| **Estensione** | [[.:hybrid_tls|10.4 TLS ibrido]] | Upgrade PQ |

----

<< [[.:client_config|← 10.2 Client TLS]] | [[.:start|↑ Panoramica TLS]] | [[.:hybrid_tls|10.4 TLS ibrido →]] >>

{{tag>scenario tls mtls deployment kubernetes istio}}

----
//Wolfgang van der Stille @ EMSR DATA d.o.o. - Post-Quantum Cryptography Professional//