====== 3.3 Standard NIST PQC ======

Gli standard ufficiali USA per la crittografia quantum-safe.

===== Background =====

Il NIST((National Institute of Standards and Technology: https://www.nist.gov/)) ha pubblicato i primi tre standard Post-Quantum((NIST Post-Quantum Cryptography Project: https://csrc.nist.gov/Projects/post-quantum-cryptography)) nell'agosto 2024 dopo 8 anni di ricerca.

===== I Tre Standard =====

==== FIPS 203 - ML-KEM ====

**Module-Lattice-Based Key-Encapsulation Mechanism**((NIST FIPS 203: https://nvlpubs.nist.gov/nistpubs/FIPS/NIST.FIPS.203.pdf))

  * Per: Crittografia / Scambio chiavi
  * Basato su: CRYSTALS-Kyber((CRYSTALS-Kyber Specification: https://pq-crystals.org/kyber/))
  * Utilizzo: TLS((Transport Layer Security)), VPN, comunicazione sicura

==== FIPS 204 - ML-DSA ====

**Module-Lattice-Based Digital Signature Algorithm**((NIST FIPS 204: https://nvlpubs.nist.gov/nistpubs/FIPS/NIST.FIPS.204.pdf))

  * Per: Firme digitali
  * Basato su: CRYSTALS-Dilithium((CRYSTALS-Dilithium Specification: https://pq-crystals.org/dilithium/))
  * Utilizzo: Certificati, firma software

==== FIPS 205 - SLH-DSA ====

**Stateless Hash-Based Digital Signature Algorithm**((NIST FIPS 205: https://nvlpubs.nist.gov/nistpubs/FIPS/NIST.FIPS.205.pdf))

  * Per: Firme digitali (backup)
  * Basato su: SPHINCS+((SPHINCS+ Specification: https://sphincs.org/))
  * Utilizzo: Nel caso ML-DSA mostri debolezze

===== Raccomandazione =====

<note important>
Il NIST raccomanda l'adozione immediata di questi standard. Possono e devono essere implementati ora.
</note>

===== Fonti =====

  * [[https://www.nist.gov/news-events/news/2024/08/nist-releases-first-3-finalized-post-quantum-encryption-standards|Comunicato stampa NIST (13 Agosto 2024)]]
  * [[https://csrc.nist.gov/Projects/post-quantum-cryptography|NIST PQC Project Homepage]]
  * [[https://nvlpubs.nist.gov/nistpubs/FIPS/NIST.FIPS.203.pdf|FIPS 203 (ML-KEM) Testo completo]]
  * [[https://nvlpubs.nist.gov/nistpubs/FIPS/NIST.FIPS.204.pdf|FIPS 204 (ML-DSA) Testo completo]]
  * [[https://nvlpubs.nist.gov/nistpubs/FIPS/NIST.FIPS.205.pdf|FIPS 205 (SLH-DSA) Testo completo]]