~~NOTOC~~
====== 12. Import/Export ======

<WRAP round info>
This category covers the **exchange of cryptographic materials** between systems, formats, and platforms.
</WRAP>

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===== Scenarios =====

^  No.  ^  Scenario  ^  Description  ^  Complexity  ^
| 12.1 | [[.:pem_export|PEM Export]] | PEM format export/import | ** |
| 12.2 | [[.:pfx_export|PFX/PKCS#12 Export]] | Certificate + key as PFX | *** |
| 12.3 | [[.:pkcs7_chain|PKCS#7 Chain]] | Export certificate chains | ** |
| 12.4 | [[.:interop|Interoperability]] | Cross-platform exchange | **** |

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===== Overview =====

<mermaid>
flowchart LR
    subgraph Formats
        PEM[PEM/Base64]
        DER[DER/Binary]
        PFX[PFX/PKCS#12]
        P7B[PKCS#7/P7B]
    end

    subgraph Contents
        CERT[Certificate]
        KEY[Private Key]
        CHAIN[Chain]
        CRL[CRL]
    end

    CERT --> PEM
    CERT --> DER
    CERT --> PFX
    KEY --> PEM
    KEY --> PFX
    CHAIN --> P7B
    CHAIN --> PEM
    CRL --> PEM
    CRL --> DER
</mermaid>

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===== Format Overview =====

^  Format  ^  File Extension  ^  Content  ^  Encoding  ^  Usage  ^
| **PEM** | .pem, .crt, .key | Cert/Key/Chain | Base64 | Linux, OpenSSL |
| **DER** | .der, .cer | Single object | Binary | Windows, Java |
| **PFX/PKCS#12** | .pfx, .p12 | Cert + Key + Chain | Binary | Windows, .NET |
| **PKCS#7** | .p7b, .p7c | Chain (no keys) | Binary/Base64 | Chain distribution |
| **JKS** | .jks | Java KeyStore | Binary | Java applications |

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<< [[en:int:pqcrypt:szenarien:schluessel:start|<- 11. Key Management]] | [[en:int:pqcrypt:szenarien:start|^ All Scenarios]] >>

{{tag>scenario import export pem pfx pkcs7 interop}}

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//Wolfgang van der Stille @ EMSR DATA d.o.o. - Post-Quantum Cryptography Professional//