~~NOTOC~~ ====== Szenario 10.2: TLS-Client konfigurieren ====== **Kategorie:** [[.:start|TLS/mTLS]] \\ **Komplexität:** ⭐⭐⭐ (Mittel) \\ **Voraussetzungen:** Trust Store, optional Client-Zertifikat \\ **Geschätzte Zeit:** 15-20 Minuten ---- ===== Beschreibung ===== Dieses Szenario beschreibt die **Konfiguration eines TLS-Clients** für sichere Verbindungen zu Servern mit Post-Quantum-Zertifikaten. **Aufgaben des Clients:** * Server-Zertifikat validieren * Trust Store konfigurieren * TLS-Version und Cipher Suites * Optional: Client-Zertifikat präsentieren ---- ===== Workflow ===== flowchart LR TRUST[Trust Store laden] --> CONNECT[Verbindung aufbauen] CONNECT --> VERIFY[Server-Cert prüfen] VERIFY --> CHAIN[Chain validieren] CHAIN --> REV[Revocation prüfen] REV --> OK{Alles OK?} OK -->|Ja| DATA[Daten übertragen] OK -->|Nein| ABORT[Abbrechen] style DATA fill:#e8f5e9 style ABORT fill:#ffebee ---- ===== Code-Beispiel: HttpClient mit Custom Trust Store =====


using WvdS.Security.Cryptography.X509Certificates.Extensions.PQ;
using System.Net.Security;
using System.Security.Cryptography.X509Certificates;

using var ctx = PqCryptoContext.Initialize();

// Custom Trust Store laden
var trustedCerts = new X509Certificate2Collection();
trustedCerts.Add(ctx.LoadCertificate("company-root-ca.crt.pem"));
trustedCerts.Add(ctx.LoadCertificate("company-intermediate-ca.crt.pem"));

// HttpClientHandler konfigurieren
var handler = new HttpClientHandler
{
    // Custom Server-Zertifikats-Validierung
    ServerCertificateCustomValidationCallback = (message, cert, chain, errors) =>
    {
        // Standard-Fehler zuerst prüfen
        if (errors == SslPolicyErrors.None)
        {
            return true;
        }

        // Bei UntrustedRoot: Custom Trust Store verwenden
        if (errors == SslPolicyErrors.RemoteCertificateChainErrors)
        {
            var customChain = new X509Chain();
            customChain.ChainPolicy.CustomTrustStore.AddRange(trustedCerts);
            customChain.ChainPolicy.TrustMode = X509ChainTrustMode.CustomRootTrust;
            customChain.ChainPolicy.RevocationMode = X509RevocationMode.Online;
            customChain.ChainPolicy.RevocationFlag = X509RevocationFlag.EntireChain;

            bool isValid = customChain.Build(cert);

            if (!isValid)
            {
                foreach (var status in customChain.ChainStatus)
                {
                    Console.WriteLine($"Chain error: {status.StatusInformation}");
                }
            }

            return isValid;
        }

        Console.WriteLine($"SSL Error: {errors}");
        return false;
    },

    // TLS-Version
    SslProtocols = SslProtocols.Tls13,

    // Revocation-Prüfung
    CheckCertificateRevocationList = true
};

using var httpClient = new HttpClient(handler)
{
    Timeout = TimeSpan.FromSeconds(30)
};

// Request ausführen
var response = await httpClient.GetAsync("https://api.example.com/data");
Console.WriteLine($"Status: {response.StatusCode}");

---- ===== Code-Beispiel: TLS-Client mit SocketsHttpHandler =====


// SocketsHttpHandler für mehr Kontrolle
var socketsHandler = new SocketsHttpHandler
{
    // Connection Pooling
    PooledConnectionLifetime = TimeSpan.FromMinutes(15),
    PooledConnectionIdleTimeout = TimeSpan.FromMinutes(2),
    MaxConnectionsPerServer = 10,

    // TLS Konfiguration
    SslOptions = new SslClientAuthenticationOptions
    {
        // TLS 1.3 erzwingen
        EnabledSslProtocols = SslProtocols.Tls13,

        // Server-Name für SNI
        TargetHost = "api.example.com",

        // Certificate Validation Callback
        RemoteCertificateValidationCallback = (sender, certificate, chain, errors) =>
        {
            if (errors == SslPolicyErrors.None) return true;

            // Logging
            Console.WriteLine($"Certificate: {certificate?.Subject}");
            Console.WriteLine($"Errors: {errors}");

            return false;  // Strenge Validierung
        },

        // Application Protocols (ALPN)
        ApplicationProtocols = new List
        {
            SslApplicationProtocol.Http2,
            SslApplicationProtocol.Http11
        }
    }
};

using var client = new HttpClient(socketsHandler);

---- ===== Certificate Pinning =====


public class CertificatePinningHandler : HttpClientHandler
{
    private readonly HashSet _pinnedCertificates;

    public CertificatePinningHandler(params string[] pinnedThumbprints)
    {
        _pinnedCertificates = new HashSet(
            pinnedThumbprints,
            StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase
        );

        ServerCertificateCustomValidationCallback = ValidateServerCertificate;
    }

    private bool ValidateServerCertificate(
        HttpRequestMessage message,
        X509Certificate2? cert,
        X509Chain? chain,
        SslPolicyErrors errors)
    {
        if (cert == null) return false;

        // 1. Standard-Validierung
        if (errors != SslPolicyErrors.None)
        {
            Console.WriteLine($"SSL Policy Error: {errors}");
            return false;
        }

        // 2. Pin prüfen (Leaf oder Intermediate)
        bool pinValid = false;

        // Leaf-Zertifikat prüfen
        if (_pinnedCertificates.Contains(cert.Thumbprint))
        {
            pinValid = true;
        }

        // Chain durchsuchen
        if (!pinValid && chain != null)
        {
            foreach (var element in chain.ChainElements)
            {
                if (_pinnedCertificates.Contains(element.Certificate.Thumbprint))
                {
                    pinValid = true;
                    break;
                }
            }
        }

        if (!pinValid)
        {
            Console.WriteLine($"Certificate pin mismatch: {cert.Thumbprint}");
        }

        return pinValid;
    }
}

// Verwendung
var pinnedHandler = new CertificatePinningHandler(
    "A1B2C3D4E5F6...",  // Leaf Thumbprint
    "B2C3D4E5F6G7..."   // Intermediate Thumbprint (Backup-Pin)
);

using var client = new HttpClient(pinnedHandler);

---- ===== Trust Store Management =====


public class TrustStoreManager
{
    private readonly X509Certificate2Collection _trustedRoots = new();
    private readonly X509Certificate2Collection _trustedIntermediates = new();

    public void AddTrustedRoot(string certPath)
    {
        var cert = new X509Certificate2(certPath);

        // Prüfen ob es ein CA-Zertifikat ist
        var basicConstraints = cert.Extensions["2.5.29.19"] as X509BasicConstraintsExtension;
        if (basicConstraints == null || !basicConstraints.CertificateAuthority)
        {
            throw new ArgumentException("Kein CA-Zertifikat");
        }

        _trustedRoots.Add(cert);
        Console.WriteLine($"Trusted Root hinzugefügt: {cert.Subject}");
    }

    public void AddTrustedIntermediate(string certPath)
    {
        var cert = new X509Certificate2(certPath);
        _trustedIntermediates.Add(cert);
        Console.WriteLine($"Trusted Intermediate hinzugefügt: {cert.Subject}");
    }

    public X509Chain CreateChain()
    {
        var chain = new X509Chain();

        chain.ChainPolicy.CustomTrustStore.AddRange(_trustedRoots);
        chain.ChainPolicy.TrustMode = X509ChainTrustMode.CustomRootTrust;

        chain.ChainPolicy.ExtraStore.AddRange(_trustedIntermediates);

        chain.ChainPolicy.RevocationMode = X509RevocationMode.Online;
        chain.ChainPolicy.RevocationFlag = X509RevocationFlag.EntireChain;
        chain.ChainPolicy.UrlRetrievalTimeout = TimeSpan.FromSeconds(15);

        return chain;
    }

    public bool ValidateCertificate(X509Certificate2 cert)
    {
        using var chain = CreateChain();
        return chain.Build(cert);
    }
}

---- ===== Retry-Logik bei TLS-Fehlern =====


public class ResilientTlsClient
{
    private readonly HttpClient _client;
    private readonly int _maxRetries;

    public ResilientTlsClient(HttpClient client, int maxRetries = 3)
    {
        _client = client;
        _maxRetries = maxRetries;
    }

    public async Task GetWithRetry(string url)
    {
        Exception? lastException = null;

        for (int attempt = 1; attempt <= _maxRetries; attempt++)
        {
            try
            {
                return await _client.GetAsync(url);
            }
            catch (HttpRequestException ex) when (IsTlsError(ex))
            {
                lastException = ex;
                Console.WriteLine($"TLS error (attempt {attempt}/{_maxRetries}): {ex.Message}");

                if (attempt < _maxRetries)
                {
                    await Task.Delay(TimeSpan.FromSeconds(Math.Pow(2, attempt)));
                }
            }
        }

        throw new HttpRequestException($"Failed after {_maxRetries} attempts", lastException);
    }

    private bool IsTlsError(HttpRequestException ex)
    {
        return ex.InnerException is AuthenticationException ||
               ex.Message.Contains("SSL") ||
               ex.Message.Contains("TLS");
    }
}

---- ===== Branchenspezifische Client-Anforderungen ===== ^ Branche ^ Trust Store ^ Pinning ^ Timeout ^ | **Finanz** | Eigene PKI | Pflicht | 30s | | **Healthcare** | gematik TSL | Empfohlen | 60s | | **IoT** | Eingebettet | Pflicht | 120s | | **Enterprise** | AD/GPO verteilt | Optional | 30s | ---- ===== Verwandte Szenarien ===== ^ Beziehung ^ Szenario ^ Beschreibung ^ | **Voraussetzung** | [[.:server_setup|10.1 TLS-Server]] | Server konfigurieren | | **Erweiterung** | [[.:mtls_deployment|10.3 mTLS Deployment]] | Client-Cert hinzufügen | | **Verwandt** | [[de:int:pqcrypt:szenarien:validierung:chain_validation|5.2 Chain Validation]] | Cert-Prüfung | ---- << [[.:server_setup|← 10.1 TLS-Server]] | [[.:start|↑ TLS-Übersicht]] | [[.:mtls_deployment|10.3 mTLS Deployment →]] >> {{tag>szenario tls client httpclient trust-store pinning}} ---- //Wolfgang van der Stille @ EMSR DATA d.o.o. - Post-Quantum Cryptography Professional//