====== Zertifikats-Inventur ======

<WRAP round info>
**Komplexität:** Niedrig \\
**Dauer:** 1-4 Stunden (je nach Größe) \\
**Voraussetzung:** Zugang zu allen Systemen
</WRAP>

Vollständige Bestandsaufnahme aller Zertifikate als Grundlage für die Migration.

----

===== Warum Inventur? =====

| Grund | Beschreibung |
|-------|--------------|
| **Scope** | Wie viele Zertifikate müssen migriert werden? |
| **Algorithmen** | Welche Algorithmen sind im Einsatz? |
| **Ablaufzeiten** | Wann können Zertifikate bei Renewal migriert werden? |
| **Abhängigkeiten** | Welche Systeme hängen zusammen? |
| **Risiken** | Wo sind kritische Zertifikate? |

----

===== Inventur-Quellen =====

<mermaid>
flowchart TB
    subgraph LOCAL["💻 LOKAL"]
        L1[Dateisystem]
        L2[Zertifikats-Stores]
        L3[Konfigurationsdateien]
    end

    subgraph NETWORK["🌐 NETZWERK"]
        N1[TLS-Endpoints]
        N2[LDAP/AD]
        N3[HSM]
    end

    subgraph MGMT["📊 MANAGEMENT"]
        M1[CA-Datenbank]
        M2[CMDB]
        M3[Monitoring]
    end

    subgraph OUTPUT["📋 OUTPUT"]
        O[Inventur-CSV]
    end

    L1 & L2 & L3 --> O
    N1 & N2 & N3 --> O
    M1 & M2 & M3 --> O
</mermaid>

----

===== Linux: Dateisystem-Scan =====

<code bash>
#!/bin/bash
# cert-inventory-linux.sh

OUTPUT="inventory-linux-$(hostname)-$(date +%Y%m%d).csv"
echo "Pfad,Subject,Issuer,Algorithmus,Schlüssellänge,Gültig_ab,Gültig_bis,Tage_verbleibend,Serial,SANs" > "$OUTPUT"

# Standard-Verzeichnisse
CERT_DIRS=(
    "/etc/ssl/certs"
    "/etc/pki/tls/certs"
    "/etc/nginx/ssl"
    "/etc/apache2/ssl"
    "/opt/*/ssl"
    "/var/lib/docker/volumes/*/ssl"
)

for dir in "${CERT_DIRS[@]}"; do
    for cert in $(find $dir -name "*.pem" -o -name "*.crt" -o -name "*.cer" 2>/dev/null); do
        # Nur Zertifikate (keine Keys/CSRs)
        openssl x509 -in "$cert" -noout 2>/dev/null || continue

        subject=$(openssl x509 -in "$cert" -subject -noout | sed 's/subject=//' | tr ',' ';')
        issuer=$(openssl x509 -in "$cert" -issuer -noout | sed 's/issuer=//' | tr ',' ';')
        algo=$(openssl x509 -in "$cert" -text -noout | grep "Signature Algorithm" | head -1 | awk '{print $3}')
        keysize=$(openssl x509 -in "$cert" -text -noout | grep "Public-Key:" | grep -oP '\d+')
        not_before=$(openssl x509 -in "$cert" -startdate -noout | cut -d= -f2)
        not_after=$(openssl x509 -in "$cert" -enddate -noout | cut -d= -f2)
        days_left=$(( ($(date -d "$not_after" +%s) - $(date +%s)) / 86400 ))
        serial=$(openssl x509 -in "$cert" -serial -noout | cut -d= -f2)
        sans=$(openssl x509 -in "$cert" -text -noout | grep -A1 "Subject Alternative Name" | tail -1 | tr ',' ';')

        echo "\"$cert\",\"$subject\",\"$issuer\",\"$algo\",\"$keysize\",\"$not_before\",\"$not_after\",\"$days_left\",\"$serial\",\"$sans\"" >> "$OUTPUT"
    done
done

echo "Inventur abgeschlossen: $OUTPUT"
echo "Zertifikate gefunden: $(tail -n +2 "$OUTPUT" | wc -l)"
</code>

----

===== Windows: Zertifikats-Store Scan =====

<code powershell>
# Cert-Inventory-Windows.ps1

param(
    [string]$OutputPath = "inventory-windows-$env:COMPUTERNAME-$(Get-Date -Format 'yyyyMMdd').csv"
)

$results = @()

# Alle Certificate Stores durchsuchen
$stores = @(
    @{ Location = "LocalMachine"; Name = "My" },
    @{ Location = "LocalMachine"; Name = "Root" },
    @{ Location = "LocalMachine"; Name = "CA" },
    @{ Location = "LocalMachine"; Name = "WebHosting" },
    @{ Location = "CurrentUser"; Name = "My" }
)

foreach ($store in $stores) {
    $storePath = "Cert:\$($store.Location)\$($store.Name)"

    Get-ChildItem $storePath -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue | ForEach-Object {
        $cert = $_
        $daysLeft = ($cert.NotAfter - (Get-Date)).Days

        # SANs extrahieren
        $sanExt = $cert.Extensions | Where-Object { $_.Oid.Value -eq "2.5.29.17" }
        $sans = if ($sanExt) { $sanExt.Format($false) } else { "" }

        $results += [PSCustomObject]@{
            Store = "$($store.Location)\$($store.Name)"
            Subject = $cert.Subject
            Issuer = $cert.Issuer
            Algorithm = $cert.SignatureAlgorithm.FriendlyName
            KeySize = $cert.PublicKey.Key.KeySize
            NotBefore = $cert.NotBefore
            NotAfter = $cert.NotAfter
            DaysLeft = $daysLeft
            Serial = $cert.SerialNumber
            Thumbprint = $cert.Thumbprint
            SANs = $sans
            HasPrivateKey = $cert.HasPrivateKey
        }
    }
}

$results | Export-Csv -Path $OutputPath -NoTypeInformation -Encoding UTF8
Write-Host "Inventur abgeschlossen: $OutputPath"
Write-Host "Zertifikate gefunden: $($results.Count)"
</code>

----

===== Netzwerk: TLS-Endpoint Scan =====

<code bash>
#!/bin/bash
# cert-inventory-network.sh

OUTPUT="inventory-network-$(date +%Y%m%d).csv"
ENDPOINTS_FILE="endpoints.txt"

echo "Endpoint,Subject,Issuer,Algorithmus,Schlüssellänge,Gültig_bis,Tage,Serial" > "$OUTPUT"

# Endpoints aus Datei oder CMDB/DNS
# Format: hostname:port
cat "$ENDPOINTS_FILE" | while read endpoint; do
    host=${endpoint%:*}
    port=${endpoint#*:}
    [ -z "$port" ] && port=443

    echo "Scanning $host:$port..."

    cert_info=$(echo | openssl s_client -connect "$host:$port" -servername "$host" 2>/dev/null | openssl x509 -text -noout 2>/dev/null)

    if [ -n "$cert_info" ]; then
        subject=$(echo "$cert_info" | grep "Subject:" | head -1 | sed 's/.*Subject: //' | tr ',' ';')
        issuer=$(echo "$cert_info" | grep "Issuer:" | head -1 | sed 's/.*Issuer: //' | tr ',' ';')
        algo=$(echo "$cert_info" | grep "Signature Algorithm" | head -1 | awk '{print $3}')
        keysize=$(echo "$cert_info" | grep "Public-Key:" | grep -oP '\d+')
        not_after=$(echo | openssl s_client -connect "$host:$port" -servername "$host" 2>/dev/null | openssl x509 -enddate -noout | cut -d= -f2)
        days_left=$(( ($(date -d "$not_after" +%s) - $(date +%s)) / 86400 ))
        serial=$(echo | openssl s_client -connect "$host:$port" -servername "$host" 2>/dev/null | openssl x509 -serial -noout | cut -d= -f2)

        echo "\"$endpoint\",\"$subject\",\"$issuer\",\"$algo\",\"$keysize\",\"$not_after\",\"$days_left\",\"$serial\"" >> "$OUTPUT"
    else
        echo "\"$endpoint\",\"CONNECTION FAILED\",\"\",\"\",\"\",\"\",\"\",\"\"" >> "$OUTPUT"
    fi
done

echo "Netzwerk-Inventur abgeschlossen: $OUTPUT"
</code>

----

===== CA-Datenbank Inventur =====

<code bash>
#!/bin/bash
# cert-inventory-ca.sh - Aus OpenSSL CA-Index

CA_INDEX="/etc/pki/CA/index.txt"
OUTPUT="inventory-ca-$(date +%Y%m%d).csv"

echo "Status,Serial,Ablauf,Subject,Datei" > "$OUTPUT"

while IFS=$'\t' read -r status expiry revoke serial unknown subject; do
    # Status: V=Valid, R=Revoked, E=Expired
    status_text=""
    case "$status" in
        V) status_text="Valid" ;;
        R) status_text="Revoked" ;;
        E) status_text="Expired" ;;
    esac

    # Ablaufdatum konvertieren (YYMMDDHHMMSSZ Format)
    expiry_formatted=$(date -d "20${expiry:0:2}-${expiry:2:2}-${expiry:4:2}" +%Y-%m-%d 2>/dev/null)

    # Zertifikatsdatei
    cert_file="/etc/pki/CA/newcerts/${serial}.pem"

    echo "\"$status_text\",\"$serial\",\"$expiry_formatted\",\"$subject\",\"$cert_file\"" >> "$OUTPUT"
done < "$CA_INDEX"

echo "CA-Inventur abgeschlossen: $OUTPUT"
echo "Zertifikate:"
echo "  Valid:   $(grep -c "^\"Valid\"" "$OUTPUT")"
echo "  Revoked: $(grep -c "^\"Revoked\"" "$OUTPUT")"
echo "  Expired: $(grep -c "^\"Expired\"" "$OUTPUT")"
</code>

----

===== Analyse & Reporting =====

<code python>
#!/usr/bin/env python3
# analyze-inventory.py

import pandas as pd
from datetime import datetime

# Alle Inventur-Dateien laden
df = pd.concat([
    pd.read_csv('inventory-linux*.csv'),
    pd.read_csv('inventory-windows*.csv'),
    pd.read_csv('inventory-network*.csv')
])

# Analyse
print("=== Inventur-Zusammenfassung ===\n")

print(f"Gesamtzahl Zertifikate: {len(df)}")

print("\n--- Nach Algorithmus ---")
print(df['Algorithmus'].value_counts())

print("\n--- Nach Schlüssellänge ---")
print(df['Schlüssellänge'].value_counts())

print("\n--- Ablauf-Analyse ---")
df['Tage_verbleibend'] = pd.to_numeric(df['Tage_verbleibend'], errors='coerce')
print(f"Abgelaufen:       {len(df[df['Tage_verbleibend'] < 0])}")
print(f"< 30 Tage:        {len(df[(df['Tage_verbleibend'] >= 0) & (df['Tage_verbleibend'] < 30)])}")
print(f"30-90 Tage:       {len(df[(df['Tage_verbleibend'] >= 30) & (df['Tage_verbleibend'] < 90)])}")
print(f"90-365 Tage:      {len(df[(df['Tage_verbleibend'] >= 90) & (df['Tage_verbleibend'] < 365)])}")
print(f"> 1 Jahr:         {len(df[df['Tage_verbleibend'] >= 365])}")

print("\n--- Migration-Potential ---")
rsa = len(df[df['Algorithmus'].str.contains('rsa', case=False, na=False)])
ecdsa = len(df[df['Algorithmus'].str.contains('ecdsa|ec', case=False, na=False)])
hybrid = len(df[df['Algorithmus'].str.contains('ml-dsa|hybrid', case=False, na=False)])
print(f"RSA (zu migrieren):     {rsa}")
print(f"ECDSA (zu migrieren):   {ecdsa}")
print(f"Hybrid (bereits):       {hybrid}")

# Export für Migration-Planung
df.to_excel('inventory-complete.xlsx', index=False)
print("\nVollständige Inventur exportiert: inventory-complete.xlsx")
</code>

----

===== Dashboard-Vorlage =====

| Kategorie | Anzahl | Migration |
|-----------|--------|-----------|
| **Algorithmus** | | |
| RSA-2048 | 150 | → Hybrid |
| RSA-4096 | 30 | → Hybrid |
| ECDSA P-256 | 80 | → Hybrid |
| ECDSA P-384 | 20 | → Hybrid |
| ML-DSA/Hybrid | 5 | ✓ Fertig |
| **Ablauf** | | |
| < 30 Tage | 12 | Sofort migrieren |
| 30-90 Tage | 25 | Phase 1 |
| 90-365 Tage | 100 | Phase 2 |
| > 1 Jahr | 148 | Phase 3 |
| **Kritikalität** | | |
| Extern-facing | 40 | Priorität 1 |
| Intern-kritisch | 80 | Priorität 2 |
| Development | 165 | Priorität 3 |

----

===== Checkliste =====

| # | Prüfpunkt | ✓ |
|---|-----------|---|
| 1 | Alle Linux-Server gescannt | ☐ |
| 2 | Alle Windows-Server gescannt | ☐ |
| 3 | Alle TLS-Endpoints gescannt | ☐ |
| 4 | CA-Datenbank exportiert | ☐ |
| 5 | Daten konsolidiert | ☐ |
| 6 | Analyse durchgeführt | ☐ |
| 7 | Migration-Plan erstellt | ☐ |

----

===== Verwandte Dokumentation =====

  * [[.:classic-to-hybrid|Classic → Hybrid]] – Migration starten
  * [[..:monitoring:ablauf-monitoring|Ablauf-Monitoring]] – Laufende Überwachung
  * [[de:int:pqcrypt:business:start|Business]] – Strategische Planung

----

<< [[.:rollback-strategie|← Rollback-Strategie]] | [[..:start|→ Operator-Szenarien]] >>

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//Wolfgang van der Stille @ EMSR DATA d.o.o. - Post-Quantum Cryptography Professional//

{{tag>inventur bestandsaufnahme migration analyse operator}}